SELECT 
  category_id, 
  ab__lc_catalog_image_control 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id in ('270', '269', '267', '268', '271')

Query time 0.00024

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "nested_loop": [
      {
        "table": {
          "table_name": "cscart_categories",
          "access_type": "range",
          "possible_keys": ["PRIMARY", "p_category_id"],
          "key": "PRIMARY",
          "key_length": "3",
          "used_key_parts": ["category_id"],
          "rows": 5,
          "filtered": 100,
          "index_condition": "cscart_categories.category_id in ('270','269','267','268','271')"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}